What is the relationship between calorie and gram of water when changing temperature?

The relationship between calorie and gram of water when changing temperature is defined specifically by the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a specific mass of water. One calorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.

This principle is rooted in the basic concept of calorimetry, where water is often used as a standard due to its unique physical properties. When we say that 1 calorie is equivalent to raising the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C, it illustrates that the heat capacity of water is such that it requires this specific amount of energy to achieve that temperature increase.

This definition directly relates to the study of thermodynamics and helps in calculations involving heat transfer, making it a fundamental concept in both instrumentation and process control. It allows engineers and scientists to quantify thermal energy and measure changes in temperature across various processes involving water.