Define sensitivity in instrumentation terms.

Sensitivity in instrumentation refers to the capacity of a device to detect changes in input and convert them into changes in output. This is mathematically represented as the ratio of the change in output to the change in input. High sensitivity indicates that even a small change in the input results in a noticeable change in the output, making the instrument effective for detecting subtle variations in the measured variable.

For instance, in a temperature sensor, if a small increase in temperature produces a significant variation in the output signal, the sensor is considered to have high sensitivity. This quality is crucial in applications requiring precise measurements, as it enables the detection of minor fluctuations that may be critical for accuracy in control systems and process monitoring.